碳钢的高应力冲击磨损行为研究

在高应力冲击磨损条件下，金属材料的磨损表面很容易形成硬度很高（ＨＶ≥１０００）的白层．采用新的试验方法，研究了碳钢在高应力冲击条件下的磨损特征，并且从分析白层的结构出发，讨论了白层的形成机制和失效模式．结果表明，材料的高应力冲击磨损质量损失与冲击次数之间具有线性关系，韧性较好的低碳钢的耐磨性比高碳钢的好，原因是硬度越高，白层在磨损过程中越容易发生剥层与剥落．白层是一种高度塑性变形层，其内部精细结构的变形特征证实了白层的塑性变形机制     

刚粘塑性强化球形薄壳在撞击体作用下的大变形动力分析

本文研究了在平头圆柱体的冲击下，薄球形壳的动力大变形。通过等度量变换，给出了球壳的变形模态。在Ｐｅｒｚｙｎａ和Ｓｙｍｏｎｄｓ的粘塑性本构模型基础上，设材料从Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服条件，并假定弯矩的膜力不耦合。根据刚粘塑性强化材料的变分原理。给出球壳的运动方程结果与实验进行了比较，二者吻合较好。     

Characterization of piezo-film sensors for direct vibration and impact measurements

Piezo-film sensors were employed in determining the dynamic response of [(0 deg/90 deg)₄]_s s-glass/epoxy laminates and 2024 aluminum specimens. Simple beam- and plate-type sensor equations were derived based on classical plate theory incorporating the linear piezoelastic constitutive relationship. A series of vibration and impact tests were conducted for the determination of structural dynamic response. Piezo-film sensors, with a thickness and area of 110 μm and 1×1 cm², respectively, were connected directly to a voltage measurement device in these tests. The first three bending frequencies of the glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) cantilever specimen were examined. Experimental results and those simulated by the MARC finite-element code were found to be in good agreement, with the difference between the two being less than five percent. At frequencies above 3 kHz, piezo-film transducers are capable of closely detecting structural dynamic response in the absence of charge amplification. At frequencies lower than approximately 3 kHz, however, the voltage measured directly from a piezo-film sensor underestimates structural response. A modified piezo-film sensor equation is thus proposed for lower frequency measurements. Effect of frequency and piezo-film's size on lower frequency attenuation is explicitly formulated based on a simple RC circuit analogy. Drop tests were also performed on clamped [(0 deg/90 deg)₄]_s GFRP laminates and aluminum targets, with nine piezo-film sensors being glued to the specimen's distal surface in order to determine the low-speed impact response. Specimen transient central deflection subjected to impact loading was identified based on test findings and the plate-type piezo-film sensor equation. The results were found to be in good agreement with the numerical solution obtained from the MARC finite-element code.     

高速碰撞中的有限元方法及其应用

讨论了连续介质力学守恒方程的有限元离散方法,针对高速碰撞的物理特点,提出了数值计算中所应重视的问题及其有效的解决办法。文中给出的典型算例说明本方法对各类高速碰撞问题的数值模拟计算是十分有用和成功的。     

APPROXIMATE FORMULASOF IMPACT FORCE FOR NORMAL IMPACT OF A FINITE ELASTIC BEAM OF ELASTIC FOUNDATION BY A FINITE ROD

ＲｅｎＷｅｎｍｉｎ（任文敏）；ＨｕａｎｇＪｉａｎｍｉｎ（黄剑敏）；ＣｈｅｎＷｅｎ（陈文）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＤｅｃ．２５，１９９４；ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅｄｂｙＹａｎｇＧｕｉｔｏｎｇ）ＡＰＰＲＯＸＩＭＡＴＥＦＯＲＭＵＬＡＳＯＦＩＭＰＡＣＴＦＯＲＣＥＦＯ...     

弹性杆与结构接触冲击的冲击力计算研究

本文提出了一种将杆与结构的接触冲击问题简化为集中力与集中阻尼的常规结构动力学问题的计算模型。对于大型结构，可采用一种特殊的人工边界，只需对人工边界域内的结构用有限元法进行计算。这种人工边界是齐次的，可根据冲击影响区的大小人为地确定     

超高速冲击铝双层板的熔化效应

对超高速冲击铝双层板的熔化效应进行了实验研究和数值模拟，用扫描电镜观察后板的弹坑发现：当弹丸碰撞速度超过５ｋｍ／ｓ时，后板出现熔坑；随着弹丸碰撞速度的增加，后板熔坑数目亦随之增加，碎片云对后板的破坏明显减弱。数值模拟表明，击波加热和塑性功加热是熔化的两种机制，有关熔化主要特征的数值模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

Validating a GIS-based multi-criteria method for potential road identification

This paper investigated the validation of a multi-criteria method for identifying potential roads, and demonstrated the capability of analyzing GPS vehicle tracking data for identifying vehicle movement patterns and potential roads. The multi-criteria method was evaluated by comparing the predictions to the site visit results on 34 selected road segments meeting different criteria levels. Results show that locations meeting higher criteria levels have higher possibilities to be roads: an approximately 91% possibility of road existence for the locations meeting all five criteria; 55% for the locations meeting four criteria; and 14% for those meeting criteria level two or three. This approach provides an opportunity for land managers to update existing GIS roads map, or identify newly formed roads that may need either rehabilitation or inclusion into the roads maintenance program.     

铁路车辆/轨道耦合系统在竖向冲击载荷作用下动态响应的计算机模拟研究

车辆与轨道的动态相互作用,是铁路轮轨接触式运输系统中最基本的问题之一,它直接制约着铁路运营速度的提高和运载重量的增加,也影响着铁路安全运行。本文采用有限元方法,对我国C61型运煤货车,按照车辆/轨道系统的实际几何形状、材料性质和边界条件建立了包括车辆和轨道系统的有限元模型,应用大型非线性动力分析程序LS-DYNA3D来模拟车辆通过轨道错牙接头时的轮/轨动态响应过程。计算结果表明车轮和轨道之间的竖向动态接触力大约是静轮载的2倍,与已有的现场试验结果基本吻合。因此应用有限元方法研究车辆/轨道耦合系统是可行和可靠的。     

与冲蚀有关的粘着与犁沟摩擦系数

提出一种与冲击磨损有关的有效摩擦系数，它被定义为冲击过程中，每一瞬间的切向有效摩擦力与法向载荷之比．有效摩擦力被表示为剪切项与犁沟项之组合．剪切项依赖于剪切金屑接合点的状态——滑移或滚动．犁沟项依赖于冲击物在冲击途中使靶材料发生移动的状态．此有效摩擦系数被应用于研究刚性球自由斜冲击延性靶问题．在忽略剪切项仅计及犁沟项的情况下，研究表明，Hutchings实验中的有效冲击摩擦系数是冲击过程与初始冲击角的函数，就时间平均而言，大于Hutchins为拟合计算与实验结果所取的摩擦系数常值0.05．有迹象表明，对于与固粒延性冲蚀有关的刚性球自由斜冲击延性靶问题，在一定条件下，有效摩擦系数主要由犁沟效应确定．